Arundo is a hydrophyte and uses a large amount of water to supply its very high   growth rate. In the presence of water, Arundo has the ability to grow in various   types of soil, including in saline conditions. Since this species is drought tolerant  and adapts to many weather and soil structures, one of the ways it outcompetes  local vegetation is by using all the available water.

Arundo modifies the geomorphology of riparian environments and takes over   riverine habitat in which it is found. While Arundo roots reinforce river banks, the stems that fall into the river redirect the flow of water, resulting in steeper banks and increased channel depth. Stands can also get trapped in waterways causing physical obstructions to natural water flow, thereby increasing the risk of flooding to adjacent lands. 

The presence of Arundo increases fire hazards due to its fuel load, intensity and ignition sources. This increased fuel load paired with Arundo’s optimal, well-ventilated structure allow fires to thrive. In addition, the reed’s vertical structure assists fires in burning the crown of taller shrubs and trees, which increases the frequency and extent of fires.

Arundo is an excellent colonizer and decreases the quality of invaded habitats.

The vegetation density makes it difficult for land animals to find shelter and the lack of horizontal structure makes it unsuitable for birds. Animals do not eat or nest in it. Local plant species lose land space and are shaded by tall stems. These abiotic alterations are exacerbated with fire or flood events that promote Arundo spread.